There are many types of mental disorders, each with its own characteristics and treatment methods. Some require only talk therapy, while others require regular medication or long-term therapy. Each type of mental disorder has a variety of underlying causes, ranging from past trauma to genetics.
To learn more, consider the following common types of disorders.
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1. Anxiety Disorders
The first complaint experienced is excessive anxiety, where sufferers feel constant worry and fear. This condition can affect anyone, especially women over the age of 30.
2. Mood Disorders
The next type of mental disorder is related to mood, where patients can sometimes experience excessive happiness or sadness beyond normal limits. In fact, many people experience these mood swings. However, if left untreated, they can severely disrupt activities and even cause harm to themselves and others.
3. Schizophrenia
This complaint is often associated with possession, especially among Javanese people. Schizophrenia is essentially a condition that causes sufferers to experience hallucinations, difficulty thinking, and delusions. This condition often makes it difficult for sufferers to distinguish between reality and dreams.
4. Psychotic Disorders
The case is essentially similar to schizophrenia, in that this disorder also makes it difficult for sufferers to distinguish between reality and hallucinations. This condition occurs because brain chemicals are disrupted by physical exhaustion or mental health issues.
5. Impulse Control
This type of mental disorder can be defined as a person's difficulty restraining themselves from acting aggressively. Sufferers of this disorder struggle to control themselves, leading to harm to themselves and others.
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6. Eating Disorders
Eating disorders occur when sufferers lose control over the amount of food they consume, either constantly or not at all. This can progress to bulimia nervosa, where sufferers repeatedly vomit their food, depriving the body of any nutritional support.
7. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
This type of mental disorder forces sufferers to perform repetitive activities. Failure to do so can lead to severe anxiety. This disorder can affect anyone, from adults to adolescents to children.
8. Personality Disorders
Personality disorders cause sufferers to have abnormal thought patterns and behaviors that are difficult to change. People with these disorders struggle to understand situations and other people, often finding it difficult to integrate into their social environment.
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9. Tourette's Syndrome
This type of mental disorder causes sufferers to develop tics, which are repetitive, uncontrollable movements or speech. This condition can occur in children aged 2–15 years and is more common in boys than girls.
10. Psychosomatic
This type of mental disorder causes physical problems stemming from the sufferer's own way of thinking. Symptoms range from anxiety, restlessness, stress, to depression. This disorder affects not only adults but also children.
Physical problems that arise from this mental disorder include fatigue, muscle pain, shortness of breath, and sweaty palms. Sometimes, people also experience excessive anxiety, even though the symptoms are very mild.
11. Factitious
Also known as factitious disorder, this type of mental illness is a serious mental illness that causes sufferers to act as if they have a physical or psychological illness.
Someone with factitious disorder deliberately fakes various symptoms of illness to gain attention. They will not hesitate to harm themselves to obtain unnecessary surgery.
12. Dissociative
This type of mental disorder disrupts the continuity between thoughts, actions, memories, and even identity. This disorder is often experienced by individuals who have experienced profound trauma as a form of self-defense against that trauma.
13. Post-Traumatic Stress (PTSD)
This mental disorder is caused by a traumatic event, causing sufferers to become hysterical upon witnessing the same or nearly similar event. This disorder can significantly disrupt daily activities and cause emotional distress.
14. Depression
This mental disorder leaves sufferers feeling anxious, restless, hopeless, and worthless. This condition is often linked to suicide because the persistent feelings of hopelessness make sufferers feel that life is futile.
15. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
ADHD, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, is a mental disorder that causes sufferers to have difficulty focusing, be impulsive, and hyperactive, often interfering with their activities and achievements.
The exact cause of ADHD is unknown, but it is generally thought to be due to genetic and environmental factors. ADHD can affect both adults and children.
Mental disorders are often overlooked because they don't have visible or immediately understandable effects. Therefore, it is crucial for you or the sufferer to receive appropriate attention and treatment. If you experience any of the symptoms of the above mental disorders,
Also Read: What is Panic Attack Disorder? How is it Different from Anxiety Disorder
You need to consult with experts and doctors to get a correct and accurate diagnosis, such as at RSIA Bunda Jakarta and RSU Bunda Margonda. Find out the doctor's schedule at Bunda Group Hospital units near you and book your visit here. For your convenience and your family's, also visit our information page for a complete list of Bunda Group Hospital services.
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