MRI is one of the most recommended diagnostic imaging tests to help establish a diagnosis. But what exactly can an MRI detect, and when is it needed? Let’s take a closer look.
Diagnostic Process
To diagnose a disease, a series of assessments are usually required, including anamnesis (medical interview), physical examination, and supporting diagnostic tests. Among these supporting tests, doctors may request blood work and imaging—one of which is an MRI.
Supporting Examinations
The type of supporting tests recommended by a physician may vary depending on the disease being suspected and the differential diagnosis to be ruled out.
Imaging tests may include X-ray, CT scan, MRI, or other procedures. The choice depends on the type of tissue that needs to be examined as the primary target.
An X-ray uses ionizing radiation to create two-dimensional images and is often used to view hard tissue structures such as fractured bones.
A CT scan (computed tomography) combines X-rays and computer technology to produce three-dimensional images. It is often used in trauma cases or emergencies due to its speed. CT scans can evaluate bones as well as organs like the lungs, liver, and pancreas, and are also used in stroke assessments.
Ultrasound (USG) is another imaging modality that uses high-frequency sound waves. It is relatively safe because it does not involve radiation, but it is less effective in areas with gas or bone.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
MRI uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images. It is also a safe examination since it does not involve radiation. MRI is commonly used to evaluate soft tissues, including the brain, spinal cord, muscles, ligaments, and internal organs.
MRI is often performed to support diagnoses and assess the severity of conditions like tumors, neurological disorders, and musculoskeletal injuries. While MRI offers many advantages, it is relatively expensive, not suitable for individuals with metal implants, and requires a longer scan time typically around 30 to 60 minutes.
MRI Examination
MRI is a highly reliable imaging tool used to help diagnose conditions related to the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. It can detect tumors, strokes, aneurysms, and is particularly helpful in cases involving trauma.
For musculoskeletal disorders, such as muscle injuries, ligament tears, or joint problems, MRI can provide highly detailed results. Injuries such as ACL tears or rotator cuff injuries are clearly visible through MRI scans.
MRI can also be used to assess heart and blood vessels, detect cancer, and evaluate internal organs. In some cases, contrast agents may be used with MRI to enhance the clarity of the images.
Preparing for an MRI
Before undergoing an MRI scan, patients are generally asked to remove all clothing and accessories, especially those containing metal. If there is a history of metal implants, it is crucial to inform the medical team before the scan.
Whether fasting is required depends on the type of MRI being performed. For scans involving specific body regions or those requiring contrast agents, fasting may be advised. Additionally, kidney function tests and allergy history are typically reviewed prior to a contrast-enhanced MRI.
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